ultimatepp/uppsrc/Skylark/srcdoc.tpp/Tutorial$en-us.tpp
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git-svn-id: svn://ultimatepp.org/upp/trunk@5134 f0d560ea-af0d-0410-9eb7-867de7ffcac7
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topic "Tutorial";
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[{_}%EN-US
[s2; Skylark Tutorial&]
[s0; &]
[s3; 1. SKYLARK handlers and path patterns&]
[s5; Skylark application is divided to `'handlers`' which provide
response to various HTTP requests based on url pattern:&]
[s7; #include <Skylark/Skylark.h>&]
[s7; &]
[s7; using namespace Upp;&]
[s7; &]
[s7; [* SKYLARK](HomePage, `"`")&]
[s7; `{&]
[s7; -|http << `"<html><body>Hello world!</body></html>`";&]
[s7; `}&]
[s7; &]
[s7; [* SKYLARK](Param, `"`*/param`")&]
[s7; `{&]
[s7; -|http << `"<html><body>Parameter: `" << http`[0`] << `"</html></body>`";&]
[s7; `}&]
[s7; &]
[s7; [* SKYLARK](Params, `"params/`*`*`")&]
[s7; `{&]
[s7; -|http << `"<html><body>Parameters: `";&]
[s7; -|for(int i `= 0; i < http.GetParamCount(); i`+`+)&]
[s7; -|-|http << http`[i`] << `" `";&]
[s7; -|http << `"</html></body>`";&]
[s7; `}&]
[s7; &]
[s7; [* SKYLARK](CatchAll, `"`*`*`")&]
[s7; `{&]
[s7; -|http.[* Redirect](HomePage);&]
[s7; `}&]
[s7; &]
[s7; struct MyApp : SkylarkApp `{&]
[s7; -|MyApp() `{&]
[s7; -|-|[* root `= `"myapp`";]&]
[s7; -|#ifdef `_DEBUG&]
[s7; -|-|prefork `= 0;&]
[s7; -|-|use`_caching `= false;&]
[s7; -|#endif&]
[s7; -|`}&]
[s7; `};&]
[s7; &]
[s7; CONSOLE`_APP`_MAIN&]
[s7; `{&]
[s7; #ifdef `_DEBUG&]
[s7; -|StdLogSetup(LOG`_FILE`|LOG`_COUT);&]
[s7; -|Ini`::skylark`_log `= true;&]
[s7; #endif&]
[s7; &]
[s7; -|[* MyApp().Run();]-|&]
[s7; `}&]
[s5; Handlers are introduced by macro [@5 SKYLARK], first parameters
is the name of handler (macro creates a function that is named
this way and this id is also used in various places like page
templates) and path pattern which handler is supposed to respond
to.&]
[s5; Handler is represented by C`+`+ function with single parameter
Http`& [/ http], which is used for request processing. [@5 SKYLARK]
macro creates a header for this function and also registers it
with Skylark so that requestes matching the path pattern are
dispatched to this function. Important note: as [@5 SKYLARK] macro
uses global constructors to register handlers, handlers should
be put into .icpp files (unless they are in the same file with
`'main`').&]
[s5; Path pattern can contain parameter placeholders `'`*`' (see
[@5 Param] handler), which are then provided by [/ http] as parameters
(through operator`[`](int)). Path is always split by `'/`' characters
and each part must either be text or placeholder `- patterns
like `"something`*/to`*avoid`" are not allowed&]
[s5; Special wildcard `'`*`*`' represents any other number of placeholders
(see [@5 Params]); in special case it is useful to catch all unresolved
requests to website and [@5 Redirect] them to the application homepage
(see [@5 CatchAll]).&]
[s5; The priority of various handlers for particular request is determined
by number of text parts matched, which means that for request
`"foo/bar/32`" placeholder `"foo/bar/`*`" has priority over `"foo/`*/`*`".&]
[s5; Another concern is setting of root path for application, in
code above done by `"[* root ]`= `"[@3 myapp]`";`". This defines
the root path of application, in other words [@5 HomePage ]handler
will react to `"[@3 myapp]`" path, Param handler to e.g. `"[@3 myapp]/test/param`"
etc.&]
[s5; [@5 MyApp().Run()] starts a HTTP server (and also SCGI server)
on default port 8001, so after starting application, you should
be able to access it from your browser by entering &]
[s5; 127.0.0.1:8001/myapp&]
[s5; We then recommend to try e.g.&]
[s0; 127.0.0.1:8001/myapp/anything/param&]
[s0; 127.0.0.1:8001/myapp/params/1/2/3&]
[s0; 127.0.0.1:8001/myapp/anythingelse&]
[s0; 127.0.0.1:8001&]
[s5; (last one should result in error `"Page not found`", as no such
handler is present)&]
[s5; &]
[s3; 2. Witz templates&]
[s5; To decouple presentation layer from application logic, Skylark
features template language `'Witz`':&]
[s7; #include <Skylark/Skylark.h>&]
[s7; &]
[s7; using namespace Upp;&]
[s7; &]
[s7; SKYLARK(HomePage, `"`")&]
[s7; `{&]
[s7; -|ValueArray va;&]
[s7; -|va.Add(1);&]
[s7; -|va.Add(`"Hello`");&]
[s7; -|ValueMap m;&]
[s7; -|m.Add(`"key1`", `"first value`");&]
[s7; -|m.Add(`"key2`", `"second value`");&]
[s7; &]
[s7; -|[* http(`"MyValue`", `"some value`")]&]
[s7; [* -| (`"MyRawValue`", Raw(`"<b>raw <u>html</u></b>`"))]&]
[s7; [* -| (`"MyRawValue2`", `"<b>another raw <u>html</u></b>`")]&]
[s7; [* -| (`"MyArray`", va)]&]
[s7; [* -| (`"MyMap`", m)]&]
[s7; [* -| .RenderResult(`"Skylark02/index`");]&]
[s7; `}&]
[s7; &]
[s7; struct MyApp : SkylarkApp `{&]
[s7; -|MyApp() `{&]
[s7; -|-|root `= `"myapp`";&]
[s7; -|#ifdef `_DEBUG&]
[s7; -|-|prefork `= 0;&]
[s7; -|-|[* use`_caching ]`= false;&]
[s7; -|#endif&]
[s7; -|`}&]
[s7; `};&]
[s7; &]
[s7; CONSOLE`_APP`_MAIN&]
[s7; `{&]
[s7; #ifdef `_DEBUG&]
[s7; -|StdLogSetup(LOG`_FILE`|LOG`_COUT);&]
[s7; -|Ini`::skylark`_log `= true;&]
[s7; #endif&]
[s7; &]
[s7; -|MyApp().Run();-|&]
[s7; `}&]
[s7; &]
[s7; &]
[s5; [* Skylark02/index.witz:]&]
[s7; <html>&]
[s7; <body>&]
[s7; MyValue: [* `$MyValue]<br>&]
[s7; MyRawValue: [* `$MyRawValue]<br>&]
[s7; MyRawValue2: [* `$raw(MyRawValue2)]<br>&]
[s7; <br>MyArray:<br>&]
[s7; [* `$for(i in MyArray)]&]
[s7; [* -|`$i.`_index. `$i<br>]&]
[s7; [* `$endfor]&]
[s7; <br>MyMap:<br>&]
[s7; [* `$for(i in MyMap)]&]
[s7; [* -|`$i.`_index. `$i.`_key: `$i<br>]&]
[s7; [* `$endfor]&]
[s7; </body>&]
[s7; </html>&]
[s7; &]
[s5; Witz template language loosely ressembles JavaScript. It is
able to evaluate expression, supports `"if`" and looping through
values with `"for`".&]
[s5; Witz templates are compiled at runtime. Settings configuration
variable [* use`_caching] to false makes them to compile each time
they are invoked (otherwise the compilation result is cached)
`- this is usefull while debugging, as templates can be adjusted
while application is running.&]
[s5; The search path for templates is set by another configuration
variable [* path]. Default value of [* path] is set to environment
variable `'UPP`_ASSEMBLY`_`_`', which is set by theide to current
assembly path `- which means that for debugging you do not need
to worry about [* path] as long as all templates are in U`+`+ packages
and you start the application from theide. Note that [* path] is
also used to search for static files.&]
[s5; String values are normally HTML escaped; if you need to pass
raw html code as parameter, you have to either use [@5 Raw ]C`+`+
function in application logic or [@5 raw] function in witz.&]
[s5; ]]