diff --git a/nvitop/core/device.py b/nvitop/core/device.py
index c87c22b..3bce9ac 100644
--- a/nvitop/core/device.py
+++ b/nvitop/core/device.py
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ UtilizationRates = NamedTuple(
     ],
 )
 
-_SENTINEL = object()
+_VALUE_OMITTED = object()
 
 
 class Device:  # pylint: disable=too-many-instance-attributes,too-many-public-methods
@@ -350,7 +350,7 @@ class Device:  # pylint: disable=too-many-instance-attributes,too-many-public-me
 
     @staticmethod
     def parse_cuda_visible_devices(
-        cuda_visible_devices: Optional[str] = _SENTINEL,
+        cuda_visible_devices: Optional[str] = _VALUE_OMITTED,
     ) -> Union[List[int], List[Tuple[int, int]]]:
         """Parses the given ``CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES`` value into NVML device indices.
 
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ class Device:  # pylint: disable=too-many-instance-attributes,too-many-public-me
                 If the ``CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES`` environment variable is invalid (e.g. duplicate entries).
         """  # pylint: disable=line-too-long
 
-        if cuda_visible_devices is _SENTINEL:
+        if cuda_visible_devices is _VALUE_OMITTED:
             cuda_visible_devices = os.getenv('CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES', default=None)
 
         return Device._parse_cuda_visible_devices(cuda_visible_devices)
@@ -2286,7 +2286,7 @@ def _cuda_visible_devices_parser(
 
 
 def parse_cuda_visible_devices_to_uuids(
-    cuda_visible_devices: Optional[str] = _SENTINEL,
+    cuda_visible_devices: Optional[str] = _VALUE_OMITTED,
     verbose=True,
 ) -> List[str]:
     """Parses the given ``CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES`` environment variable in a separate process and
@@ -2308,7 +2308,7 @@ def parse_cuda_visible_devices_to_uuids(
             If failed to parse the ``CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES`` environment variable.
     """
 
-    if cuda_visible_devices is _SENTINEL:
+    if cuda_visible_devices is _VALUE_OMITTED:
         cuda_visible_devices = os.getenv('CUDA_VISIBLE_DEVICES', default=None)
 
     # Do not inherit file descriptors and handles from the parent process
diff --git a/nvitop/core/libcuda.py b/nvitop/core/libcuda.py
index c6437c0..f93a3d4 100644
--- a/nvitop/core/libcuda.py
+++ b/nvitop/core/libcuda.py
@@ -273,6 +273,8 @@ def _extract_cuda_errors_as_classes() -> None:
     e.g. :data:`CUDA_ERROR_INVALID_VALUE` will be turned into :class:`CUDAError_InvalidValue`.
     """
 
+    import functools  # pylint: disable=import-outside-toplevel
+
     this_module = _sys.modules[__name__]
     cuda_error_names = [x for x in dir(this_module) if x.startswith('CUDA_ERROR_')]
     for err_name in cuda_error_names:
@@ -281,15 +283,12 @@ def _extract_cuda_errors_as_classes() -> None:
         class_name = 'CUDAError_{}'.format(pascal_case)
         err_val = getattr(this_module, err_name)
 
-        def gen_new(value):
-            def new(cls):
-                obj = CUDAError.__new__(cls, value)
-                return obj
-
-            return new
-
         # pylint: disable=protected-access
-        new_error_class = type(class_name, (CUDAError,), {'__new__': gen_new(err_val)})
+        new_error_class = type(
+            class_name,
+            (CUDAError,),
+            {'__new__': functools.partial(CUDAError.__new__, value=err_val)},
+        )
         new_error_class.__module__ = __name__
         if err_val in CUDAError._errcode_to_string:
             new_error_class.__doc__ = 'CUDA Error: {} Code: :data:`{}` ({}).'.format(